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New Zealand has 1134 described spider species, with an estimated total fauna of 2000 species.〔() Paquin, P., Vink, C.J., Dupérré, N. (2010) Spiders of New Zealand: Annotated Family Key and Species List. Manaaki Whenua Press. vii +118 pp.〕 Some 95 per cent are endemic. The largest spider in New Zealand is the Nelson cave spider (''Spelungula cavernicola''), with a body length and a leg span of up to . The Australian white-tailed spider, first recorded in New Zealand in 1886, has been falsely attributed as the cause of many necrotising spider bites.〔() Rademaker, M. & Derraik, J. G. B. (2009) White-tail spider bites. ACC Review 42: 1-2.〕 The Avondale spider, also from Australia, was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the early 1920s possibly in shipments of hardwood logs used for railway sleepers.〔Rowell and Avilés (1995). "Sociality in a bark-dwelling huntsman spider from Australia, Delena cancerides Walckenaer (Araneae: Sparassidae)". ''Insectes Sociaux''. Volume 42(3): 287-302〕 The spiders, which are considered harmless to humans, have been collected for use in at least two films. Very few New Zealand spiders have bites that can cause significant injury to humans, and of these, only one – the katipo – is endemic. Katipo bites have been known to cause systemic effects, such as hypertension, seizure, or coma, though no deaths as a result of katipo bites have been recorded for over 200 years. Its more dangerous close relative, the venomous Australian redback spider, has established a foothold in some parts of New Zealand, notably in Taranaki and Central Otago.〔() Vink, C. J., Derraik, J. G. B., Phillips, C. B. & Sirvid, P. J. (2011) The invasive Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell 1870, (Araneae: Theridiidae): current and potential distributions, and likely impacts. Biological Invasions, 13, 1003-1019.〕 ==Fishing spiders== There are four spiders in the genus ''Dolomedes'' (the fishing spiders), species which have adapted to hunt on the surface of water. Three of the fishing spiders are widespread on the two main islands of New Zealand. ''Dolomedes aquaticus'' grows up to across and specialises in open, unforested riverbanks, and lives under rocks within of the river. Another species of similar size, ''Dolomedes dondalei'', specialises in forested riverbanks and is also widespread on the mainland. The third and most common species, ''Dolomedes minor'', is not restricted to rivers. Known as the nursery web spider, it makes white nursery webs on shrubs, but is still capable of fishing behaviour. The largest of the New Zealand fishing spiders is ''Dolomedes schauinslandi'' and occurs on South East and Mangere islands in the Chatham Islands.〔() Vink, C. J. & Dupérré, N. (2010) Pisauridae (Arachnida: Araneae). Fauna of New Zealand 64: 1-60. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spiders of New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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